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1. 给Emacs缝vim-motion顺便设置modeline信息
- 1.1. 基本介绍
- 1.2. 详细过程

1. 给Emacs缝vim-motion顺便设置modeline信息

1.1. 基本介绍

大概就是，给Emacs添加了 evil-mode.el 并根据自己积累的函数，

然后根据 (evil-mode) 的变化 \( \begin{bmatrix} \text{nil} \to \text{t} \\ \text{t} \to \text{nil} \end{bmatrix} \) 情况，来给某添加在mode-line-format下的变量，随时赋值

添加在mode-line-format下的变量，写在mode-line上

就像这样

状态栏按键风格的信息差异.png

1.2. 详细过程

有些函数是我自己积累下来的(包括但不限于，对着GPT Debug，找SOF(stackoverflow)热心网友，找ESE(emacsstackexchange)热心网友等方式)

所以有些按键原生用不了正常，因为都没有这个函数，可以到个人仓库或 ~/.emacs.d/elisp/custom/custom-defun.el 下看看具体的函数

1.2.1. 安装

(use-package evil
  :ensure t
  :defer t)

1.2.2. 说明

evil-mode最爽的地方，是在于它只是提供了一个虚拟layer按键层

也就是说，evil-mode，与emacs-style原生，是可以共用的

但需要注意一些坑

说明

evil-emacs-state-modes

默认被emacs接管、默认不能用evil-mode设置vim快捷键，的某些mode，共有 C-h v evil-emacs-state-modes 这些

默认使用emacs-style的按键风格、默认不能用vim-motion的按键风格，的mode，共有 C-h v evil-emacs-state-modes 这些

如果要用 evil 设置在 evil-emacs-state-modes 名单上的

从而在特定mode里的vim快捷键的话，方法是

; 用 ibuffer-mode 来举例 (ibuffer-mode 就在 C-h v evil-emacs-state-modes 里面)

; 保证百分百，在加载这些不被evil管理的mode后，再启动evil
(with-eval-after-load 'ibuffer

  ; 对 ibuffer-mode 这类 evil-emacs-state-modes 下只使用 1套 快捷键
  ; 对 ibuffer-mode 不使用 emacs-style 快捷键，而是使用 vim-motion 快捷键，
  ; 反正我们是通过，手动执行 (evil-mode) 函数切换成vim-motion过去，再执行 (evil-mode) 切回emacs-style的，当然只使用 1套 就可以了  
  (setq evil-emacs-state-modes (delq 'ibuffer-mode evil-emacs-state-modes))

  ; 让 ibuffer-mode 可正常使用 evil 的 normal 模式
  (evil-make-overriding-map ibuffer-mode-map 'normal)

  ; 这里是，我个人设置的通用vim快捷键模板，在下面的【配置(开缝！)】可以看得到
  (kivnn/set-general-keybindings 'normal ibuffer-mode-map))

  ;; 这里是，如果添加了通用vim快捷键模板，还是觉得不够爽，就可以继续配置
  ;; [可选项]
  ;; (evil-define-key 'normal ibuffer-mode-map
  ;;                   (kbd "") nil
  ;;                   (kbd "") nil
  ;;                   (kbd "") nil
  ;;                   (kbd "") nil
  ;;                   (kbd "") nil)

设置modeline信息

设置modeline信息，提示自己当前正处于什么模式，就像这样

状态栏按键风格的信息差异.png

实现方法是，给 evil-mode 函数，通过 advice 加 添加在mode-line-format的变量更新函数

其中 " vim-motion" 和 " emacs-style" 的两个图标，需要先在本机安装了 nerd-fonts 字体才能看到噢

;; 设置 modeline-keybinding-style 变量
(defvar modeline-keybinding-style " emacs-style")

;; 监听evil-mode函数的变化，从而即时地立即更新 modeline-keybinding-style 变量
(setq evil-mode-line-format nil)
(defun kivnn/update-modeline-style-based-on-evil-mode (&rest _)
  "监听根据 evil-mode 的状态，即时更新 kivnn/current-style 变量"
  (setq modeline-keybinding-style
        (if evil-mode " vim-motion" " emacs-style"))
  (force-mode-line-update))
(advice-add 'evil-mode :after #'kivnn/update-modeline-style-based-on-evil-mode)

(setq-default mode-line-format
              (list 
               '(:eval (format "%s" modeline-keybinding-style))))

然后预定的行为是，打开Emacs，就先显示 " emacs-style"

然后执行了 (evil-mode) 切换了按键风格，就会立即显示 " vim-motion"

然后又执行了 (evil-mode) 再次切换了按键风格，就会立即显示 " emacs-style"

1.2.3. 配置(开缝！)

;; ========================================
;; 模拟vim layer的按键风格，的前提准备
;; ========================================
(defun kivnn/evil-split-window-right ()
  (interactive)
  (split-window-right)
  (windmove-right))

(defun kivnn/evil-split-window-below ()
  (interactive)
  (split-window-below)
  (windmove-down))


;; ========================================
;; 设置基本通用风格的个人快捷键模板
;; ========================================
(defun kivnn/set-general-keybindings (state keymap)
  "设置基本通用风格的个人快捷键模板"
  (evil-define-key state keymap
    (kbd "h")         #'evil-backward-char
    (kbd "j")         #'evil-next-line
    (kbd "k")         #'evil-previous-line
    (kbd "l")         #'evil-forward-char
    (kbd "S")         #'save-buffer
    (kbd "s")         nil
    (kbd "J")         #'kivnn/move-next-five-lines
    (kbd "K")         #'kivnn/move-prev-five-lines
    (kbd "M")         #'dirvish-side
    (kbd "Q")         #'delete-window
    (kbd "sh")        #'split-window-right
    (kbd "sj")        #'kivnn/evil-split-window-below
    (kbd "sk")        #'split-window-below
    (kbd "sl")        #'kivnn/evil-split-window-right
    (kbd "C-w h")     #'windmove-left
    (kbd "C-w j")     #'windmove-down
    (kbd "C-w k")     #'windmove-up
    (kbd "C-w l")     #'windmove-right
    (kbd "<up>")      #'kivnn/resize-top-five-unit
    (kbd "<down>")    #'kivnn/resppize-bottom-five-unit
    (kbd "<left>")    #'kivnn/resize-left-five-unit
    (kbd "<right>")   #'kivnn/resize-right-five-unit
    (kbd "SPC /")     #'kivnn/isearch-forward
    (kbd "SPC SPC /") #'kivnn/isearch-backward
    (kbd "SPC ,")     #'previous-buffer
    (kbd "SPC .")     #'next-buffer
    (kbd "SPC m")     #'kivnn/update-modeline-all-information
    (kbd "SPC SPC q") #'evil-mode
    (kbd "C-f")       #'evil-forward-char
    (kbd "C-b")       #'evil-backward-char
    (kbd "C-n")       #'evil-next-line
    (kbd "C-p")       #'evil-previous-line))


;; ========================================
;; 模拟vim layer的按键风格 enhance-evil.el
;; ========================================
(use-package evil
  :ensure t
  :defer t
  :config
  ;;; ========================================
  ;;; global-mode
  ;;; ========================================
  (progn
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "S")               #'save-buffer)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "s")               nil)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "J")               #'kivnn/move-next-five-lines)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "K")               #'kivnn/move-prev-five-lines)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "M")               #'dirvish-side)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "Q")               #'delete-window)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "sh")              #'split-window-right)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "sj")              #'kivnn/evil-split-window-below)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "sk")              #'split-window-below)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "sl")              #'kivnn/evil-split-window-right)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "C-w h")           #'windmove-left)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "C-w j")           #'windmove-down)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "C-w k")           #'windmove-up)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "C-w l")           #'windmove-right)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "<up>")            #'kivnn/resize-top-five-unit)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "<down>")          #'kivnn/resppize-bottom-five-unit)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "<left>")          #'kivnn/resize-left-five-unit)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "<right>")         #'kivnn/resize-right-five-unit)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "SPC /")           #'kivnn/isearch-forward)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "SPC SPC /")       #'kivnn/isearch-backward)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "SPC ,")           #'previous-buffer)
    (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "SPC .")           #'next-buffer)
  (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "SPC o")           #'delete-trailing-whitespace))
  (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "SPC g")           #'magit)
  (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "SPC e")           #'telega)
  (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "SPC t")           #'eat)
  (define-key evil-normal-state-map (kbd "SPC b")           #'ibuffer)

  ;;; ========================================
  ;;; dired-map
  ;;; ========================================
  (with-eval-after-load 'dired
    (kivnn/set-general-keybindings 'normal dired-mode-map)
    (evil-define-key 'normal dired-mode-map
      (kbd "a") #'dired-create-empty-file
      (kbd "r") #'dired-do-rename
      (kbd "m") #'dired-mark
      (kbd "M") #'dirvish-side
      (kbd "u") #'dired-unmark
      (kbd "d") #'dired-do-delete
      (kbd "h") #'dired-up-directory
      (kbd "j") #'dired-next-line
      (kbd "k") #'dired-previous-line
      (kbd "l") #'dired-find-file))

    ;;; ========================================
    ;;; org-mode
    ;;; ========================================
  (with-eval-after-load 'org
    (evil-make-overriding-map org-mode-map 'normal)
    (kivnn/set-general-keybindings 'normal org-mode-map)
    (evil-define-key 'normal org-mode-map
      ;; about te<x>t
      (kbd "SPC x v") #'kivnn/toggle-inline-images-with-valign
      (kbd "SPC x c") #'org-latex-preview
      (kbd "SPC x z") #'kivnn/org-latex-preview
      (kbd "SPC x b") #'kivnn/jump-the-beginning-of-the-latex-fragment
      (kbd "SPC x f") #'kivnn/jump-the-ending-of-the-latex-fragment
      (kbd "SPC x n") #'kivnn/jump-the-next-latex-fragment
      (kbd "SPC x p") #'kivnn/jump-the-previous-latex-fragment
      (kbd "SPC x ,") #'org-previous-item
      (kbd "SPC x .") #'org-next-item
      (kbd "SPC x 0") #'valign-mode
      ;; about <a>genda
      (kbd "SPC a t") #'kivnn/org-agenda-change-headline-to-todo
      (kbd "SPC a d") #'kivnn/org-agenda-change-headline-to-done
      (kbd "SPC a i") #'kivnn/org-agenda-change-headline-to-doing
      (kbd "SPC a w") #'kivnn/org-agenda-change-headline-to-wait
      (kbd "SPC a j") #'org-todo
      (kbd "SPC a -") #'org-timestamp-inactive
      (kbd "SPC a 0") #'org-archive-subtree
      (kbd "SPC a =") #'org-timestamp
      (kbd "SPC a [") #'org-schedule
      (kbd "SPC a ]") #'org-deadline
      ;; about de<n>ote
      (kbd "SPC n a") #'denote
      (kbd "SPC n c") #'denote-backlinks
      (kbd "SPC n l") #'denote-link-or-create
      (kbd "SPC n r") #'denote-rename-file
      (kbd "SPC n ,") #'denote-find-backlink
      (kbd "SPC n .") #'denote-find-link
      ;; about custom
      (kbd "SPC 2") #'kivnn/magit-commit-template-wsl-archlinux
      (kbd "SPC 3") #'kivnn/magit-commit-template-archlinux)
    (evil-define-key 'insert org-mode-map
      (kbd "$") #'kivnn/insert-inline-OCDL))

  ;;; ========================================
  ;;; ibuffer-mode
  ;;; ========================================
  (with-eval-after-load 'ibuffer
    (setq evil-emacs-state-modes (delq 'ibuffer-mode evil-emacs-state-modes))
    (evil-make-overriding-map ibuffer-mode-map 'normal)
    (kivnn/set-general-keybindings 'normal ibuffer-mode-map))
  ;; [可选项] (evil-define-key 'normal ibuffer-mode-map (kbd "") nil)

  ;;; ========================================
  ;;; dashboard-mode
  ;;; ========================================
  (with-eval-after-load 'dashboard
    (kivnn/set-general-keybindings 'normal dashboard-mode-map)
    (evil-define-key 'normal dashboard-mode-map
      (kbd "SPC SPC r") #'consult-recent-file
      (kbd "SPC SPC b") #'bookmark-bmenu-list
      (kbd "SPC SPC a") #'org-agenda-list))

  ;;; ========================================
  ;;; org-agenda-mode
  ;;; ========================================
  (with-eval-after-load 'org-agenda
    (setq evil-emacs-state-modes (delq 'org-agenda-mode evil-emacs-state-modes))
    (evil-make-overriding-map org-agenda-mode-map 'normal)
    (kivnn/set-general-keybindings 'normal org-agenda-mode-map)))
  ;; [可选项] (evil-define-key 'normal org-agenda-mode-map (kbd "") nil)

1.2.4. 一些感受

其实我这样做，是因为我个人，去年不知道在那个平台的帖子(貌似是贴吧？)

看到有人用 GNU Emacs，在各种各样的模式、功能、UI、modeline上

缝出来了一个美观程度甚至不输现在的neovim的 “vim” 出来

但我实在是忘记这张图究竟是在哪个帖子发出来的了 (´･ω･`)?

因为我个人被那张图深深着迷，所以我自己也打算通过 GNU Emacs 缝一个 “vim” 出来

首先选择 “vim” 的方式有几种，可以是 doom emacs，可以是 spacemacs

但这几种实现方式，还是更像是 “另一种生态” 了。不好在自己积累下来的基础上去缝 “vim”

于是就选用了最能缝的 evil-mode，在此我个人，感谢为 evil-mode 贡献的各位作者们，感谢您们 ~(￣▽￣)~*

而且也感谢GPT 4o，没有GPT 4o的话，估计可能截至到写文章的今天，也许还卡在为特定mode配置快捷键的阶段，感谢 (～￣▽￣)～

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